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Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’ was a renowned revolutionary Indian Hindi poet. He was a prominent poet of rebellion for his nationalist poetry which he wrote in the days before Indian independence. He was apoet, essayist and academic.After independence, he has been addressed as a Rashtrakavi (National Poet) for his inspirationalnationalistic compositions. His braverybasedpoemswas his famous works. During independence days He was a regular poet of Kavi Sammelan. He received immense popularity for his patriotic poems and was very much connected with poetry lovers.
Dinkar was born in Simaria village of Bihar in a very poor family. He attended Mokama High School which was extreme away from his home. He couldn’t attend all classes till school closed. He was used to leave the school after lunch break to catch the steamer for home. He could not afford to stay at the hostel due to his poor family background. Even he was used to attend his school in bare foot. In this condition a poet grew up and became a patriotic nationalist poet. In his school days, his favorite subjects were history, politics and philosophy. He was well versed with different regional languages form his school days. He learned Hindi, Sanskrit, Maithili, Bengali, Urdu and English. RabindraNath Tagore, Iqbal, Keats and Milton were the main influences to him. He translated the works of Rabindranath Tagore from Bengali to Hindi. During the third decade of 20th century, he established Manoranjan Library in Simariya for students and general public. He also edited a handwritten pamphlet.
He was a Gandhian. However, he did not consider himself as a blind follower of Gandhi, because initially he supported the revolutionary drive during the independence movement. He also supported the feelings of outrage and revenge among the youth. In his poem Kurukshetra, he agrees that the war is destructive as well as he claimed it is necessary to get the freedom. He wrote many essays and poems based on the need of Indian independence. He was very much influenced with the freedom movement. He was very close to the nationalists of that time. Like Rajendra Prasad, Sri Krishna Sinha, Anurag Narayan Sinha, Rambriksh Benipuri and Braj Kishore Prasad.
The poetic identity of the poet Dinkar shaped by the pressures of life during the freedom movement. In 1920, he saw Mahatma Gandhi for the first time. When he was a youth, the freedom movement had begun under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1929, the movement had becoming violent when after matriculation he joined the Patna College. In 1928, the nationwide demonstration started against the Simon Commission. Demonstration also reached in Patna. Dinkarji also signed the oath paper with other youth. Thousands came in the rally at Gandhi Maidan which Dinkarji also joined. During this protest, the police of the British Government cruelly lathi charged and Lala Lajpat Rai faced tremendous injury. The whole country was in disorder. These incidents affected a lot on Dinkarji. His poetic mind was charged up. He started writing. During this turmoil time, a paper called ‘Chhatra Sahodar’ came out under the editorship of Narshingh Das. In this paper Dinkar’s first poem was published in 1924 or 1925. He also wrote ten poems based on the Satyagraha movement of Sardar Ballav Bhai Patel. These poemswere published on a book named ‘Vijay- Sandesh’. This composition is now available in the Indian market. In these days Dinkarji started writing in his penname “Amitabh” to escape the anger of police of the British Government. On 14 September, 1928, he published his poem on the death of Jatin Das. Around this time, he wrote two small works of poetry. One is called Birbala and another one named Meghnad-Vadh. These two are unavailable in Indian market. In 1930, he composed ‘Pran Bhang’. Dinkar’s journey of writing started with ‘Vijay- Sandesh’. Before that his poems was regularly featured at the magazine ‘Desh’, published from Patna and ‘Pratibha’, published from Kannauj. In 1935, his first collection of poems published in the name ‘Renuka’. The editor of ‘Vishal Bharat’ Banarsi Das Chaturvadi, wrote that Hindi speakers should celebrate the publication of ‘Renuka’. Chaturvediji shared a copy of ‘Renuka’ with Mahatma Gandhi. Then he started writing in a magazine called ‘Kalpna’.
His writings are mostly based on bravery. However, there is an exception like ‘Urvashi’. Some of his fabulous works are ‘Rashmirathi’ and ‘Parashuram Ki Prateeksha’. He also wrote some social-political satires based on socio- economics differences and deprive. He chose history as well as realty directly. He wrote ‘Kurukshetra’ based on the Mahabharata. He wrote this with the impression of Second World War. He also wrote ‘Krishna ki Chaetavni’, based on Mahabharata.
In his ‘Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaya’, he said that India is united despite various cultures, languages and topography. Dinkar wrote this in the context of values evolved from the freedom movement. This is divided in four vast chapters. In the first chapter, there is a vast discussion enclosed about the culture of the pre-Vedic to the middle of the 20th century. In the second chapter, the discussion is on the influence of Islam on Hindu culture after its arrival with the influence of Islam on Hindu- Muslim relations. In this chapter there is a presentation of the investigation in the mutual relationship between Bhakti Movement and Islam. In the fourth chapter, colonialisation of education and the differences of Christianity with Hinduismare included. He receivedSahitya Academi Purashkar for his book ‘Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaya’.
Dinkarji was awarded with the Padma Bibhusan by the Indian Government. He also got the Gyanpith Purashkar for his book ‘Urvashi’. To show him gratitude, his portrait was uncovered in the Central Hall of Parliament of India by the former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on his centenary year 2008. Present President of India Mr. Pranab Mukherjee gave Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’ Sahitya Ratna Samman to 21 noticeable writers and social workers at RastrapatiBhavan. On that occasion, the president remembered about the contribution of ‘Dinkar’ in Hindi literature.
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