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Surya Sen was better known as Masterda. He was popular by the name Masterda among his companions and followers. Masterda Surya Sen was a noticeable freedom fighter and the mastermind and the hero of Chittagong Armoury Raid. He first time arranged a countrywide non-co-operation movement. Later he was arrested and hanged by the British rulers.
He was born at the place Noapara, under Raozan Upozilla, in Chittagong. His father Ramaniranjan Sen was a teacher. Surya Sen was joined to a revolutionary movement for the first time in 1916 when he was the student of Intermediate Class in Chittagong College. He was provoked by one of his teacher. He was appreciative to maintenance the flag of the revolutionary group Anushilon Samity. Later when Surya Sen went to the Behrampore College for Graduation he was inspired by the Jugantar group and their ideas.
After finishing his studies he returned at Chittagong in 1918 and joined at a school National School of Nandankanan. During that time, he formed a revolutionary group. That group was interested on armed revolution for the Indian independence. The leader of the group was Surya Sen and the members were Lokenath Bal, Nirmal Sen, Ganesh Ghosh, Ambika Chakraborty, Tarakeshwar Dastidar, Naresh Roy, Sashanka Dutta, Ardendu Dastidar, Harigopal Bal, Ananta Singh, Jibon Ghosal, Anand Prasad Gupta, Binod Bihari Chowdhury, Subodh Roy, Debi Prasad Gupta, Kalpana Dutta and Pritilata Waddedar and others. He organized Jugantar and became popular by the name of Masterda. He started to spread the revolutionary organization and spread it in several parts of the district by 1923.
In 1930 he formed a group of rebels to raid the weapon store of the British police and supporting forces in Chittagong. The plan was included grabbing of arms from the two store roomsof weapons in Chittagong along with the damage of all communication systems like telephone and telegraph office.Later their plan was to attack the European Club to kill all the members. Because the majority of the club members were the representatives of the British government were present there. Their main motto was to isolate the Chittagong district from rest of the country mainly from the Calcutta. But in reality the rebels were loot the arms but they failed to find bombs and bullets. At last, they raised the national flag on the Armoury building and they fled. The Chittagong Armoury Raid was organized on 18 April, 1930.
On the next day of armoury attack incident, British rulers were become aggressive to find out the group of revolutionary group including Masterda Surya Sen and his followers. The British police were searched every nook and corner of the Chittagong. At last, after a few days, British police got some news about the independence activists. They trapped a large portion of activists with several thousand British troops near JalalabadHillsadjoining Chittagong cantonment. That was on the afternoon of 22 April in 1930. In that gun fight between British soldiers and the revolutionaries, twelve fighters and eighty troops were died. Many activists were arrested, while Surya Sen and few others managed to escape to the nearer villages and disguised themselves, few escaped to the Calcutta. Few revolutionaries tried to accumulate their broken organization. They planned for their next attack. Their next attack was planned on September 24 in 1932 at the European Club. The group leader was Pritilata Waddedar and members were Debi Prasad Gupta, Rajat Sen, Swadesh Roy, Subodh Chaudhury, Manoranjan Sen, Phanindra Nandi. This plan also failed and Debi Prasad upta, Manoranjan Sen, Rajat Sen and Swadesh roy were killed. Subodh Chaudhury and and Phani Nandi were arrested. One woman also killed in this attack. After this failure attack revolutionaries were also became aggressive and made several attempt. They killed almost 22 officials with 220 soldiers.
That time Master da started his hiding life to avoid his arrest by the British rulers. He moved one place to another frequently and disguised himself under different profession. He took work as a farmer, or a priest, or a workman, or a house worker or even as a religious Muslim. But he arrested because he trusted one person. During these days, he once took accommodation at the house of Netra Sen. But that person informed the British soldiers about Masterda’s hiding. Then police came and arrested him. NetraSen was also killed by a revolutionary before he was awarded by the British Government. He informed the British government for the ten thousand rupees. The revolutionary came in his house and killed him by a long knife which is called Dwaan in local Bengali language. The wife of the Netra Sen never revealed the name of his husband’s killer. That lady was the big supporter of Master da and his mission.
Master Da Surya Sen was arrested from the Gairala village on February 16, 1933. The arrest of Master da was a big success to the British Government. British tortured him brutally. British soldiers broke his all teeth by hammer and pulled his nails. They broke all his joints and pulled him with a rope. But British failed to break Master da’s mission and his wish. He wrote a letter for his friends and followers before his death.
He wrote, “Death is knocking at my door. My mind is flying away towards eternity …At such a pleasant, at such a grave, at such a solemn moment, what shall I leave behind you? Only one thing that is my dream, a golden dream-the dream of Free India…. Never forget the 18th of April, 1930, the day of the eastern Rebellion in Chittagong… Write in red letters in the core of your hearts the names of the patriots who have sacrificed their lives at the altar of India’s freedom.” On 12 January, 1934 he was hanged with Tarakeshwar Dastidar at Chittagong Central Jail, Bangladesh. Sen was buried in the Bay of Bengal. Other members who were in the armoury raid were on the mass trial and the judgement was brought in 1932. Twelve offenders were sentenced life banishment, two sentenced three years of jail and other 32 were released. After the arrest of Master Da Surya Sen, the Chittagong Revolutionary Group was almost destroyed.
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